Ramli, Nurulhuda and Abdul Ghani, Noraida and Mohd Hashim, Intan Hashimah and Sulong, Jasni and Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana and Abd Rahman, Shukran and Mat Saad, Zarina (2014) Data quality, scaling assumptions and reliability of crowd behaviour scale. In: International Social Development Conference 2014 (ISDC 2014), 12 – 13 August 2014, Bayview Hotel Langkawi, Malaysia.

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Abstract

Hajj is an annual religious activity that involves a large gathering of people performing the same rituals at the same time within a confined space. Human behaviour in this mass gathering is an important issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences due to extreme congestion.A new scale was developed as part of a study aims to understand observable crowd behaviour during this religious activity. Subscales of observable crowd behaviour included aggressive behaviour, coping behaviour, defensive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, protective behaviour, tolerant behaviour and hazardous behaviour.This article reports on the underlying assumptions of data quality and scaling assumptions under the traditional Likert scaling criteria, and the reliability of the scale.The subjects of the survey included 203 respondents during pre-Hajj training program at three different locations in the country.Methods of testing include item-level descriptive statistics, multitrait scaling/multi-item correlation matrix and scale reliability.The results showed that one item each within subscales of aggressive, coping and tolerant behaviour do not meet the Likert scaling criteria. However, all subscales have acceptable level of reliability.The findings from this study can be used to further improve the scale.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Additional Information:	ISBN: 978-967-0474-74-8 Organized by: The School of Social Development (SSD), UUM College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	scaling assumptions, Likert scales, reliability, crowd behaviour, religious mass gathering
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions:	School of Applied Psychology, Social Work & Policy
Depositing User:	Dr. Zarina Mat Saad
Date Deposited:	01 Mar 2015 03:28
Last Modified:	24 May 2016 06:49
URI:	https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/13254

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