Hock, Hung Chieng and Wahid, Noorhaniza and Ong, Pauline (2021) Parametric flatten-t swish: an adaptive nonlinear activation function for deep learning. Journal of Information and Communication Technology (JICT), 20 (1). pp. 21-39. ISSN 1675-414X

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Abstract

Activation function is a key component in deep learning that performs non-linear mappings between the inputs and outputs. Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) has been the most popular activation function across the deep learning community. However, ReLU contains several shortcomings that can result in inefficient training of the deep neural networks, these are: 1) the negative cancellation property of ReLU tends to treat negative inputs as unimportant information for the learning, resulting in performance degradation; 2) the inherent predefined nature of ReLU is unlikely to promote additional flexibility, expressivity, and robustness to the networks; 3) the mean activation of ReLU is highly positive and leads to bias shift effect in network layers; and 4) the multi linear structure of ReLU restricts the non-linear approximation power of the networks. To tackle these shortcomings, this paper introduced Parametric Flatten-T Swish (PFTS) as an alternative to ReLU. By taking ReLU as a baseline method, the experiments showed that PFTS improved classification accuracy on SVHN dataset by 0.31%, 0.98%, 2.16%, 17.72%, 1.35%, 0.97%, 39.99%, and 71.83% on DNN-3A, DNN-3B, DNN-4, DNN5A, DNN-5B, DNN-5C, DNN-6, and DNN-7, respectively. Besides, PFTS also achieved the highest mean rank among the comparison methods. The proposed PFTS manifested higher non-linear approximation power during training and thereby improved the predictive performance of the networks.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Activation function, deep learning, Flatten-T Swish, non-linearity, ReLU.
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Divisions:	School of Multimedia Technology & Communication
Depositing User:	Mrs. Norazmilah Yaakub
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2021 02:41
Last Modified:	21 May 2023 15:21
URI:	https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/28125

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