Kuang, Hock Lim and Yoon, Ling Cheong and Hui, Li Lim and Kee, Chee Cheong and Mat Hashim, Mohd Hazilas and Marine, Ali Aman and Yong, Kang Cheah and Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni (2024) Validity and reliability of the Malay Language perception towards smoking questionnaire (BM-PTSQ) among secondary school adolescents: further validation using confirmatory factor analysis. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 22 (-). pp. 1-10. ISSN 16179625

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION Perception is an essential factor influencing smoking among adolescents. Thus, a valid tool for measuring perception is a requisite in smoking studies. This study further establishes the validity and reliability of a Malay language version of the Perception Towards Smoking Questionnaire (BMPTSQ) for assessing the perception of smoking among secondary school-going adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS We administered the BM-PTSQ to 669 secondary school students selected through multistage sampling; 60% of respondents were male (n=398), and 69.9% (n=463) were from rural areas. Respondents were aged 13–16 years, 36.4% (n=241) were 13 years, 40.0% (n=265) were 14 years, and 23.6% (n=156) were 16 years old. We used parallel and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the domains of the questionnaire. In addition, we also employed EFA, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the BM-PTSQ. RESULTS EFA and parallel analysis identified two domains in the BM-PTSQ that accounted for 62.9% of the observed variance, and CFA confirmed the two-domain structure. The two domains' internal consistency scores ranged from 0.702 to 0.80, which suggested adequate reliability. CONCLUSIONS The BM-PTSQ has acceptable psychometric validity and is appropriate for assessing smoking perception and intention among Malaysian secondary school-aged youth. Researchers should further evaluate this tool's applicability in a more sociodemographically diverse population

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Validation, reliability, Malay version BM-PTSQ, secondary school-going adolescents
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Computer software
Divisions:	School of Economics, Finance & Banking
Depositing User:	Mr. Izhar Hj. Hashim
Date Deposited:	11 Nov 2026 04:53
Last Modified:	11 Nov 2026 04:53
URI:	https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/35088

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