Alashqar, Muath Mohammed and Abulehia, Ahmed F. S. and Elshobake, Mohammed R. M. and Abdul Rahim, Asmar and Abd Aziz, Ahmad Shamsul (2026) Cross-border oversight of artificial intelligence: challenges and prospects for a harmonised international regulatory framework. Journal of International Studies (JIS), 22 (1). pp. 80-97. ISSN 1823-691X

Preview

PDF - Published Version Available under License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Download (763kB) | Preview

Abstract

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to reshape industries, economies and societies globally, issues around privacy, security and ethical use of this technology have become major oversight concerns. Since AI is an area of technology that knows no bounds, there should be an adequate international regulatory response to address these new challenges. This paper will examine the global landscape for AI in several of the largest jurisdictions and how laws may be enforced beyond borders with regard to jurisdictional challenges, as well as enforcement. It discusses mechanisms to achieve this harmonization, with instruments of policy formulation and international cooperation. This study analyses the regulatory oversight strategies and international initiatives proposed by organizations such as the UN, OECD or WTO, to highlight how assembling a consistent set of regulations can be problematic. Results indicate that harmonized AI regulations in all countries can promote innovation, reduce costs of compliance and guarantee ethical deployment of secured beneficial AI worldwide. This paper provides a thorough examination of the problems and potential for international cooperation and regulation. It emphasizes the need for co-operation between nations and a regulatory ecosystem that is flexible enough to adapt quickly to rapid innovations. The study is located in the larger discussion on AI governance, and it highlights a global mandate towards coordinated approaches to unlock the promise of AI while warding off its dangers.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Artificial intelligence (AI), cross-border oversight, regulatory harmonization, ethical AI, data protection.
Subjects:	K Law > KZ Law of Nations
Divisions:	School of Law
Depositing User:	Mrs. Norazmilah Yaakub
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2026 14:20
Last Modified:	02 Nov 2026 14:20
URI:	https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/35256

Actions (login required)

View Item