Covid-19 and Capitalist Structure: Evaluating of Working-Class Inequality and Policy Effectiveness in Southeast Asia

Ikhsan, Mohammad Fajar and Shukri, Shazwanis and Mohamed Pero, Siti Darwinda and Nasution, Muhammad Arifin and Norman, Muhammad Ali Ridha (2024) Covid-19 and Capitalist Structure: Evaluating of Working-Class Inequality and Policy Effectiveness in Southeast Asia. Journal of International Studies (JIS), 20 (2). pp. 27-63. ISSN 1823-691X

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified global social inequalities and disrupted socio-economic stability, as recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study uses Marxist and critical theoretical frameworks to analyze how the pandemic has exacerbated class struggles and socio-economic disparities, focusing on the working and lower-middle classes in Southeast Asia. Through case studies of Indonesia and Malaysia, the research evaluates national policy responses designed to protect these groups. Employing a descriptive and qualitative methodology, including analysis of official data and media discourse, the study highlights how the pandemic has amplified existing contradictions within capitalist systems, leading to increased job losses and widening labor market inequalities. Despite the introduction of economic stimulus packages, these measures often fail to address the underlying systemic issues of capitalism that perpetuate class exploitation and inequality. The paper critiques the capitalist framework for exacerbating the challenges faced by the working class during the pandemic, arguing that these policies offer only temporary relief without tackling the root causes of socio economic disparities. This analysis underscores the need for a more transformative approach to understanding and addressing capitalist dynamics in Southeast Asia

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COVID-19, Marxism, labour class, capitalism, Indonesia, Malaysia
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare
Divisions:	School of International Studies
Depositing User:	Mdm. Rozana Zakaria
Date Deposited:	30 Jun 2025 14:23
Last Modified:	30 Jun 2025 14:23
URI:	https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/32309

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